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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

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In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
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Microbial Nutrition01:28

Microbial Nutrition

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Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
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Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts
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Biogenic Metal Oxides.

Hipassia M Moura1,2, Miriam M Unterlass1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nature produces unique metal oxides (MxOy) across all life forms. This review explores their biogenesis, structures, and biomimetic potential for novel materials.

Keywords:
bio-inorganic chemistrybiomineralsiron oxidemanganese oxidemetal oxidessilica

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Biogenic metal oxides (MxOy) possess unique structures derived from biological processes.
  • These naturally occurring materials inspire the development of novel synthetic materials through biomimicry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review known biogenic metal oxides (MxOy) and their biological origins.
  • To understand the interactions between inorganic MxOy and biological matter.
  • To explore the potential of biogenic MxOy for future materials technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biogenic MxOy examples across all five kingdoms.
  • Analysis of precursor origins and biosynthesis pathways.
  • Examination of MxOy structure, functionality, and characterization techniques.

Main Results:

  • Silica, iron, and manganese oxides are the only MxOy reported to date, found in bacteria, protoctista, fungi, plants, and animals.
  • Key molecules and processes involved in MxOy biosynthesis have been identified.
  • Diverse functionalities of biogenic MxOy structures are linked to their biological roles.

Conclusions:

  • Biogenic MxOy offer a rich source of inspiration for biomimetic materials.
  • Understanding biosynthesis pathways is crucial for developing novel organic-inorganic materials.
  • Further research into biomimetic approaches can overcome challenges and unlock new synthesis strategies.