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Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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Teeth01:15

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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
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Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

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Tooth Enamel and its Dynamic Protein Matrix.

Ana Gil-Bona1,2, Felicitas B Bidlack1,2

  • 1Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tooth enamel

Keywords:
amelogeninamelogenin-Y (AMELY)dental anthropologydental fluorosisenamel peptideenamel proteomemolar hypomineralizationserum albumintooth enamel

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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization
  • Proteomics
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Tooth enamel, the hardest mammalian tissue, comprises 95% calcium phosphate.
  • Its formation relies on a protein matrix, with enamel-specific proteins and proteases playing critical roles.
  • Recent proteomics studies reveal numerous other proteins involved in enamel formation, with many functions yet to be determined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on tooth enamel proteomics.
  • To explore the composition of healthy and diseased enamel.
  • To discuss advancements in forensic applications and animal disease models.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published proteomics data on tooth enamel.
  • Analysis of protein abundance and composition in healthy and compromised enamel.
  • Consideration of species, tooth size, and sample size variability in proteomics protocols.

Main Results:

  • Compromised enamel exhibits altered organic material amount and composition compared to healthy enamel.
  • Proteomics findings are advancing the understanding of extracellular matrix complexity during enamel formation.
  • Variability in proteomics protocols needs adjustment for accurate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomics is crucial for understanding tooth enamel's organic material.
  • Further research is needed to unravel the roles of all enamel proteins.
  • This knowledge aids in understanding enamel's mineralization and properties.