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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

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Published on: July 22, 2022

Biosensors-Recent Advances and Future Challenges in Electrode Materials.

Fernando Otero¹, Edmond Magner¹

¹Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 27, 2020

Summary

This review highlights structured materials and additive manufacturing (AM) for advanced electrochemical biosensors. These innovations enhance sensitivity and speed for biomarker detection, improving clinical diagnostics.

Keywords:

additive manufacturing carbon nanotube electrochemical biosensors glucose biosensors graphene nanoporous gold nanoporous metals ordered mesoporous carbon

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Published on: June 1, 2012

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Biotechnology

Background:

Electrochemical biosensors combine electroanalytical techniques with biorecognition for sensitive and rapid detection.
Clinical applications, such as glucose monitoring for diabetes, demonstrate the success of these devices.
Structured materials and advanced manufacturing are key to improving biosensor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in structured materials for electrochemical biosensing.
To explore the application and progress of additive manufacturing (AM) in biosensing.
To identify current challenges and future directions in AM for biosensor development.

Main Methods:

Literature review of structured materials including nanoporous metals, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and ordered mesoporous carbon.
Analysis of recent research on the integration of additive manufacturing techniques in biosensor fabrication.
Synthesis of findings on material properties and AM processes relevant to biosensing.

Main Results:

Structured materials offer enhanced surface area and conductivity, improving biosensor sensitivity and response time.
Additive manufacturing enables customized, complex biosensor architectures with potential for mass production.
Integration of novel materials with AM presents opportunities for next-generation diagnostic tools.

Conclusions:

Structured materials are crucial for optimizing electrochemical biosensor performance.
Additive manufacturing holds significant promise for the future of rapid and accessible biosensing.
Further research is needed to overcome challenges in AM for widespread clinical adoption.