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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

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Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
Published on: November 15, 2017
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Insights into Flow and Continuous Systems in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Challenges and Opportunities
Adrian M Daly1, Seán Hardiman2, David Hogan1
1Pfizer Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork P43 X336, Ireland.
Summary
Ireland
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Ireland's pharmaceutical sector has evolved over 50 years from API manufacturing to a globally significant hub.
- Expertise in bioprocessing and biotechnology complements API production, integrating Ireland into global supply chains.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the transition from traditional batch manufacturing to continuous flow technology in Ireland's pharmaceutical sector.
- To highlight the successful integration of continuous flow technology for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and Raw Starting Material (RSM) manufacture at scale.
Main Methods:
- The study provides a commentary on the state-of-the-art for flow technology in API/RSM manufacture.
- It discusses aspects underpinning the transition in the Irish pharmaceutical landscape.
Main Results:
- Continuous flow technology offers significant advantages in safety, efficiency, and flexibility for API manufacture.
- Ireland's pharmaceutical sector, including multinational sites and CDMOs, has successfully embraced continuous flow technology in partnership with regulatory agencies.
Conclusions:
- The successful embedding of continuous flow technology in Ireland demonstrates effective adaptation to advanced manufacturing processes.
- This transition showcases a collaborative approach between industry and regulatory bodies in a highly regulated environment.
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