Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

1.6K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
1.6K
Inertial Frames of Reference01:03

Inertial Frames of Reference

8.5K
Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference frame: the inertial reference frame. In principle, we can make the net force on a body zero. If its velocity relative to a given frame is constant, then that frame is said to be inertial. So, by definition, an inertial reference frame is a reference frame where Newton's first law holds valid. Newton's first law applies to objects with...
8.5K
Non-inertial Frames of Reference01:27

Non-inertial Frames of Reference

6.9K
A reference frame accelerating or decelerating relative to an inertial frame is a non-inertial frame. To help understand this, consider what taking off in an airplane, turning a corner in a car, riding a merry-go-round, and the circular motion of a tropical cyclone all have in common. All these systems are accelerating, decelerating, or rotating relative to the Earth; hence, they all are non-inertial frames. All these systems exhibit inertial forces, which merely seem to arise from motion,...
6.9K
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

2.6K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
2.6K
Understanding Self-Concept01:20

Understanding Self-Concept

134
The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those...
134
Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.2K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
12.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neural representation of time across complementary reference frames.

eLife·2026
Same author

Action information is integrated into entorhinal representations of conceptual space and is reflected in eye movements.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Unconscious semantic processing: Insights from metaphorical priming.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same author

Efficient coding in working memory is adapted to the structure of the environment.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Locomotion-dependent use of geometric and body cues in humans mapping 3D space.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

The effects of task similarity during representation learning in brains and neural networks.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

Misinformation as strategy: Epistemic consequences and the undermining of shared truth.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Geographical psychology: Spatial variation in psychological phenomena and their consequences.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Multi-brain neurofeedback: what are we training for?

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

The developing vocal self.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Searching beyond decrements: Attentional guidance across the adult lifespan.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Looking into working memory through micro eye movements.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.2K

Knowledge Across Reference Frames: Cognitive Maps and Image Spaces.

Roberto Bottini1, Christian F Doeller2

  • 1Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|June 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conceptual knowledge is organized using low-dimensional geometries in the brain. A proposed hippocampal-parietal network integrates world-centered cognitive maps and self-centered image spaces for knowledge retrieval.

Keywords:
analogyconceptual knowledgeconceptual metaphorshippocampusparietal lobespace

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function
06:17

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

Published on: January 26, 2024

2.5K
Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects
06:36

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 17, 2025

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.2K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function
06:17

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

Published on: January 26, 2024

2.5K
Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects
06:36

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Spatial Cognition

Background:

  • Conceptual knowledge in humans and animals is organized by low-dimensional geometries.
  • These geometries rely on brain structures and computations for spatial representations.
  • Two key systems, cognitive maps and image spaces, have been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting the existence and function of cognitive maps and image spaces.
  • To propose a unified hippocampal-parietal network model for knowledge organization and retrieval.
  • To explore the idea that cognitive maps and image spaces are manifestations of internal low-dimensional models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on cognitive maps and image spaces.
  • Analysis of evidence linking hippocampal formation to world-centered representations (cognitive maps).
  • Analysis of evidence linking parietal cortex to self-centered representations (image spaces).

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports the role of the hippocampal formation in cognitive maps (world-centered).
  • Evidence supports the role of the parietal cortex in image spaces (self-centered).
  • A hippocampal-parietal network can integrate these systems for flexible knowledge retrieval across reference frames.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive maps and image spaces represent distinct but complementary spatial representation systems.
  • A hippocampal-parietal network integrates these systems, enabling flexible knowledge organization and retrieval.
  • These systems may reflect a general cognitive principle of creating low-dimensional internal models.