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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Published on: August 8, 2025

Enhanced protein adsorption upon bulk phase separation.

Madeleine R Fries¹, Daniel Stopper², Maximilian W A Skoda³

¹Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.

Scientific Reports

|June 27, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Multivalent ions can induce protein adsorption or a wetting layer in protein solutions, depending on concentration and temperature. This wetting phenomenon is linked to liquid-liquid phase separation and ion-activated substrates.

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Published on: February 7, 2022

Area of Science:

Protein adsorption
Biotechnology
Heterogeneous nucleation
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)

Background:

Understanding protein adsorption forces is crucial across medicine, biotechnology, and nucleation science.
Protein behavior at interfaces is complex and influenced by solution conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanism of wetting transitions in protein solutions.
To understand the role of multivalent ions and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in protein adsorption.

Main Methods:

Ellipsometry
Quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D)
Density-functional theory (DFT)
Modeling proteins as limited-valence (patchy) particles

Main Results:

Multivalent ions induced either simple adsorption or a wetting layer for bovine serum albumin (BSA) on a negatively charged interface.
Wetting layer formation was observed near liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) conditions, influenced by protein concentration (c_p) and temperature (T).
The water-to-protein ratio was significantly higher in the wetting layer compared to simple adsorption.

Conclusions:

A wetting transition mechanism was identified for complex protein systems.
Ion-activated attractive substrates and bulk instability from metastable LLPS drive this wetting phenomenon.