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Massive Hemoptysis in Children.

Juan Yang1,2, Fengqin Liu1,2, Yan Liang1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatric, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Massive hemoptysis in children, though rare, is life-threatening. This case highlights bronchial artery malformation as an unusual cause, successfully treated with bronchial artery embolization and bronchoscopy.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Vascular Malformations

Background:

  • Massive hemoptysis is a critical pediatric emergency with significant mortality risk.
  • Common etiologies include lower respiratory tract infections, vascular malformations, and foreign bodies.
  • Bronchial artery malformations represent a rare but severe cause of hemoptysis.

Observation:

  • An 11-year-old boy presented with mild hemoptysis, progressing to massive bleeding.
  • Initial chest X-ray suggested pneumonia; however, massive hemoptysis indicated a more complex underlying issue.
  • Diagnostic bronchial arteriography identified hypertrophied bronchial artery and an ectopic bronchial artery from the renal artery as the sources.

Findings:

  • Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) successfully occluded the aberrant vessels.
  • Bronchoscopy facilitated removal of airway blood clots, improving respiratory status.
  • The patient experienced complete recovery without complications following the interventions.

Implications:

  • Bronchial artery malformations require prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management.
  • Advanced imaging like CT angiography and arteriography are crucial for identifying vascular sources.
  • Timely embolization and airway clearance are vital for managing life-threatening pediatric hemoptysis.