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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System01:22

Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System

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Immunity is a crucial biological concept about our body's inherent capacity to prevent infections and diseases. A complex network of cells and tissues collectively known as the immune system facilitates this natural defense mechanism. The immune system plays an integral role in maintaining our health and well-being, shielding us from potential health threats.
The immune responses can be categorized into two types: innate and adaptive. Innate immunity comprises nonspecific defenses we are...
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From Lymphotoxin to Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Beyond.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Co-Culture of Murine Small Intestine Epithelial Organoids with Innate Lymphoid Cells
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Co-Culture of Murine Small Intestine Epithelial Organoids with Innate Lymphoid Cells

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Basics of Inducible Lymphoid Organs.

Nancy H Ruddle1

  • 1Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. Nancy.ruddle@yale.edu.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|June 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are cell clusters found in chronic inflammation, mimicking secondary lymphoid organs. Understanding their dual role in autoimmunity and cancer is key for therapeutic strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are cell aggregates observed in chronic inflammation across various tissues.
  • They share structural and functional similarities with secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs).
  • TLOs play critical roles in autoimmunity, infection, and cancer, with complex effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cellular composition and regulatory mechanisms of TLOs.
  • To understand the dual role of TLOs in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
  • To identify strategies for modulating TLOs therapeutically.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TLO formation and function.
  • Analysis of cellular components including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and stromal cells.

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  • Examination of the roles of lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) and lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells.

    • Main Results:

    • TLOs comprise diverse immune and stromal cells, including high endothelial venules (HEVs).
    • They function in antigen presentation and tolerance, impacting disease outcomes.
    • SLO induction involves interactions between LTi cells and mesenchymal LTo cells.

    Conclusions:

    • TLOs are crucial in diverse pathological conditions, acting as double-edged swords.
    • Targeting TLOs presents therapeutic challenges, especially in distinguishing effects on SLOs.
    • Further research is needed to harness TLOs for anti-tumor immunity and suppress autoimmunity.