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Caffeine effects on systemic metabolism, oxidative-inflammatory pathways, and exercise performance.

Rômulo P Barcelos1, Frederico D Lima2, Nelson R Carvalho3

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação (PPGBioexp), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil.

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Caffeine, a popular stimulant, offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits beyond alertness. This review explores its lesser-known effects on peripheral systems and athletic performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Physiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Caffeine, a widely consumed xanthine alkaloid, is found in beverages like tea and coffee.
  • It enhances alertness, mood, and catecholamine release, impacting human behavior.
  • Caffeine exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, affecting cellular redox and inflammatory status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review caffeine's effects on metabolic situations, including oxidative/inflammatory status and exercise.
  • To identify non-central nervous system (CNS) caffeine mechanisms.
  • To highlight caffeine's peripheral system impacts and organism adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of classical and current studies on caffeine.
  • Focus on metabolic and exercise-related effects.
  • Analysis of caffeine's influence on peripheral tissues.

Main Results:

  • Caffeine consumption influences arousal, mood, and behavior via catecholamine release.
  • It possesses dose-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
  • Ergogenic effects in athletes are linked to substrate utilization, fatigue delay, and alertness.

Conclusions:

  • Caffeine impacts peripheral tissues like the heart, skeletal muscle, and adipocytes.
  • Mechanisms of caffeine's systemic metabolic action, especially outside the CNS, require further research.
  • Understanding caffeine's peripheral effects is crucial for its application in human adaptation and performance.