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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

658
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

641
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
641
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

1.3K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
1.3K
Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

4.6K
Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

9.0K
Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
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Physical triggering strategies for drug delivery.

Tao Sun1, Anshuman Dasgupta2, Zongmin Zhao3

  • 1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|June 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Physically triggered drug delivery systems offer enhanced control over drug release and reduced toxicity. This review explores advances in ultrasound, light, electric, and magnetic field-triggered systems for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
Controlled releaseDrug deliveryElectric fieldLightMagnetic fieldPhysical triggersUltrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Physically triggered systems enhance drug delivery controllability, reduce toxicity, and aid clinical translation.
  • External stimuli like ultrasound, light, electric, and magnetic fields enable spatial targeting, spatiotemporal control, and minimal invasiveness.
  • These systems exhibit unique interactions with biological entities and varying stimulus response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key advances in physically triggered drug delivery systems.
  • To discuss the physical mechanisms, design rationales, and translational challenges of these systems.
  • To provide insights into the development of next-generation drug delivery platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of physically triggered drug delivery systems.
  • Analysis of physical mechanisms and design principles.
  • Evaluation of translational challenges and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Physically triggered systems offer precise control over drug accumulation and release.
  • Diverse physical stimuli provide distinct advantages for targeted drug delivery.
  • Key challenges remain in clinical translation, including biocompatibility and scalability.

Conclusions:

  • Physically triggered systems represent a promising frontier in drug delivery.
  • Further research into mechanisms, design, and clinical translation is crucial.
  • These advanced systems have the potential to revolutionize therapeutic strategies.