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Risk factors and comorbidities associated with severe aortic stenosis: a case-control study
J M Gracia Baena1, I Calaf Vall2, M Zielonka2
1Servei de Cirurgia Cardíaca d'Adults, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Unitat d'Epidemiologia Aplicada, Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat de Lleida, Lérida, España.
Revista Clinica Espanola
|June 28, 2020
Summary
Cardiovascular risk factors like high cholesterol, smoking, and hypertension, along with comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease and stroke, are linked to severe aortic stricture in older adults.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Epidemiology
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Aortic stricture (AS) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease in individuals aged 65 and older.
- Epidemiological studies suggest associations between cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) and comorbidities with AS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the association between CRFs and comorbidities with severe symptomatic AS in older adults (≥65 years).
- To identify specific risk factors and comorbidities that increase the likelihood of severe AS in this demographic.
Main Methods:
- An epidemiological case-control study was conducted.
- Data on CRFs and comorbidities were collected from a primary care center.
- Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine associations.
Main Results:
- The study included 102 cases and 221 controls (mean ages 77.6 and 75.5 years, respectively).
- Significant CRFs for severe symptomatic AS included hypercholesterolemia (OR, 2.67), tobacco use (OR, 2.60), hypertension (OR, 2.41), and low HDL cholesterol (OR, 2.20).
- Significant comorbidities included carotid stenosis (OR, 14.5), stroke (OR, 4.14), chronic renal failure (OR, 3.78), and low hemoglobin levels (OR, 0.76).
Conclusions:
- Hypercholesterolemia, tobacco use, arterial hypertension, and low HDL cholesterol are key CRFs associated with increased risk of severe AS.
- Comorbidities such as chronic renal failure, stroke, carotid stenosis, and low hemoglobin levels are significantly associated with AS and may serve as potential markers.
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