Relationship between soil solution electrochemical changes and methane and nitrous oxide emissions in different rice...

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) intermittent irrigation is a potential strategy to mitigate methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, but the effects of dry-wetting intervals on soil electrochemical changes and plant characteristics should be considered. This study was conducted in a greenhouse evaluating CH₄ and N₂O fluxes in rice under five different irrigation management practices (continuous irrigation (CI), intermittent irrigation with flooding resumption in saturated soil condition (SSI) and soil moisture at field capacity (FCI), saturated soil and irrigation resumption with soil moisture bellow field capacity (FCS), and soil at field capacity (FCD)) and its relation to plant development and global warming potential (GWP). Soil electrochemical conditions and CH₄ and N₂O emissions were expressively affected by irrigation management. The CI system presented the greatest CH₄ flux (20.14 g m^-2) and GWP (462.7 g m^-2 eq. CO₂), whereas intermittent irrigation expressively reduced CH₄ emissions. Overall, the N₂O flux was low (bellow 20 μg m^-2 h^-1) even with N application, with greater emissions occurring at the FCD treatment at the beginning of the rice season. Soil moisture at field capacity had no CH₄ flux but presented greater GWP (271 g m^-2 eq. CO₂) than intermittent irrigation systems due to N₂O flux while compromising rice plant development. The best soil moisture condition to initiate a flooding cycle during intermittent irrigation is at saturated soil conditions.