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Angiosome~From the Standpoint of Bypass Surgery
1Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
Insights
The angiosome concept
Area of Science:
- Vascular Surgery
- Anatomy
- Ischemic Limb Disease
Background:
- Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) affects wound healing and amputation rates.
- Angiosome-guided endovascular treatment shows promise for CLTI.
- The role of angiosome concept in bypass surgery for ischemic foot is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review foot and ankle arterial anatomy and circulation.
- To discuss the availability and limitations of angiosome-guided bypass surgery for CLTI.
Main Methods:
- Review of arterial anatomy of the foot and ankle.
- Discussion of supplementary circulation, including arterial-arterial connections and choke nexus.
- Consideration of patient factors like diabetes and renal dysfunction impacting circulation.
Main Results:
- Multiple supplementary circulations exist in the foot and ankle.
- The angiosome concept may have limited importance in bypass surgery for CLTI due to collateral circulation.
- Impaired supplementary circulation in CLTI patients with diabetes or renal dysfunction is noted.
Conclusions:
- Angiosome-guided bypass surgery for CLTI has limitations due to complex foot and ankle arterial anatomy.
- The effectiveness of the angiosome concept in bypass surgery for ischemic foot requires further elucidation, especially in specific patient populations.
Abstract:
Although several studies showed that angiosome-guided endovascular treatment improved wound healing and major amputation rates in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), effectiveness of the angiosome concept to the treatment of ischemic foot remains to be elucidated, especially in bypass surgery. Arterial anatomy of the foot and ankle shows that there are multiple supplementary circulation including arterial-arterial connections and choke nexus, which indicates angiosome concept may carry limited importance in bypass surgery for CLTI. On the other hand, patients with diabetes or renal dysfunction have partial occlusion of arterial-arterial connections and, therefore, quite a few patients with CLTI in Japan may present with limited but impaired supplementary circulation around the ankle. This article reviews the arterial anatomy and circulation of the foot and ankle and discusses availability and limitations of angiosome-guided bypass surgery.
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