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Probing dynamical phase transitions with a superconducting quantum simulator
Kai Xu1, Zheng-Hang Sun1, Wuxin Liu2
1Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Science Advances
|June 30, 2020
Summary
Researchers used a quantum simulator to observe dynamical phase transitions in complex quantum systems. This breakthrough offers new ways to study quantum many-body physics and achieve high-precision measurements.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Physics
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Quantum Information Science
Background:
- Nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems present significant challenges for classical computation.
- Quantum simulation offers a promising avenue for exploring these complex systems.
- The Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model serves as a fundamental model for studying collective quantum phenomena.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate dynamical phase transitions in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model using a programmable quantum simulator.
- To explore the concept of dynamical criticality in a controllable quantum system.
- To demonstrate the utility of superconducting quantum simulators for studying complex quantum dynamics.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a 16-qubit programmable superconducting quantum simulator with all-to-all connectivity.
- Applied a quenched transverse field to the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model.
- Measured the nonequilibrium order parameter, nonlocal correlations, and the Loschmidt echo to detect phase transitions.
Main Results:
- Observed clear signatures of dynamical phase transitions, integrating diverse concepts of dynamical criticality.
- Achieved significant spin squeezing (-7.0 ± 0.8 dB) near the critical point, indicating multipartite entanglement.
- Demonstrated precision in measurements fivefold beyond the standard quantum limit.
Conclusions:
- The superconducting quantum simulator effectively probes nonequilibrium quantum many-body dynamics.
- The observed phenomena pave the way for studying thermalization and many-body localization.
- This platform is suitable for investigating emergent phenomena in periodically driven quantum systems.
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