Confined growth of ordered organic frameworks at an interface
Yinghua Jin1, Yiming Hu, Michael Ortiz
1Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. wei.zhang@colorado.edu.
Chemical Society Reviews
|June 30, 2020
Summary
Structurally ordered covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and monolayers are synthesized using dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) and interfacial polymerization. Developing new dynamic reactions is crucial for advancing COF thin films and monolayer materials.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Organic Chemistry
Background:
- Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and monolayers offer modular synthesis, unique structures, and rich functionality for diverse applications.
- Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) enables self-correction mechanisms for highly ordered COF films under thermodynamic control.
- Interfacial polymerization techniques are emerging for synthesizing crystalline COF thin films and covalent nanosheets.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in the design and synthesis of COF thin films and covalent monolayers.
- To present fundamental working mechanisms of surface and interfacial polymerization techniques.
- To highlight current challenges and opportunities in the field of ordered framework synthesis.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) for reversible bond formation and breaking.
- Employing interfacial polymerization techniques (e.g., air-water, liquid-liquid, liquid-solid).
- Reviewing literature on COF thin film and covalent monolayer synthesis and property studies.
Main Results:
- DCvC facilitates the formation of highly ordered COF films by resolving defects.
- Various interfacial polymerization methods have successfully synthesized crystalline COF thin films.
- The development of new dynamic reactions and interfacial conditions is limited but critical.
Conclusions:
- Ordered COF thin films and covalent monolayers hold significant potential across various applications.
- Advancements in interfacial polymerization and dynamic covalent chemistry are key to material development.
- Further research into novel dynamic reactions and polymerization conditions is essential for future progress.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
3.8K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.8K
01:09Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model
673
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
673
01:09Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
3.2K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
3.2K
01:04Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
2.3K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.3K
01:17Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching
2.3K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
2.3K
01:03Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview
4.2K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.2K