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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

48.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
48.2K
Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

23.6K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

26.2K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
26.2K
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

41.6K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
41.6K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

2.3K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
2.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.5K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.5K

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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Materials Design Principles for Air-Stable Lithium/Sodium Solid Electrolytes.

Yizhou Zhu1,2, Yifei Mo1,3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored air-stable sulfide solid electrolytes for batteries. They identified key factors influencing moisture stability, guiding the development of safer, more durable solid-state batteries for wider application.

Keywords:
ab initio calculationsbatterieshydrolysismoisture stabilitysolid electrolytes

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Sulfide solid electrolytes offer high ionic conductivity for all-solid-state batteries.
  • Poor air stability and toxic gas release hinder practical applications of current sulfide electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate hydrolysis and reduction reactions in Li- and Na-containing sulfides and chlorides.
  • To identify design principles for developing air-stable solid electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Thermodynamic analyses using a first-principles computation database.
  • Investigated stability trends based on cation, anion, and Li/Na content.

Main Results:

  • Revealed stability trends among various sulfide and chloride chemistries.
  • Identified key factors influencing moisture stability in these materials.
  • Discovered promising material systems with both moisture and electrochemical stability.

Conclusions:

  • Provides crucial insights into the moisture stability of sulfide solid electrolytes.
  • Offers design principles for engineering air-stable solid electrolytes for advanced batteries.
  • Facilitates the development of safer and more reliable all-solid-state batteries.