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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering
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Ordered Solid-State Microstructures of Conjugated Polymers Arising from Solution-State Aggregation.

Ze-Fan Yao1, Zi-Yuan Wang1, Hao-Tian Wu1

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Controlling conjugated polymer microstructures is challenging. High temperatures promote ordered crystallization, significantly boosting electron mobility in polymer films for electronic applications.

Keywords:
aggregationconjugated polymersmolecular orderingpolymer transistors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Controlling the solution-state aggregation of conjugated polymers to achieve desired solid-state microstructures is a significant challenge.
  • Achieving specific microstructures is crucial for optimizing the performance of organic electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a practical method for tuning solid-state microstructures of conjugated polymers.
  • To investigate the relationship between solution-state aggregation and solid-state microstructure formation.
  • To enhance electron mobility in conjugated polymer films.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing temperature-controlled solution-state aggregation to influence polymer crystallization.
  • Depositing polymer films at varying temperatures (high vs. low).
  • Characterizing the microstructures and electron mobility of the resulting polymer films using field-effect transistors.

Main Results:

  • High temperatures induce significant conformational fluctuations in polymer backbones in solution.
  • This facilitates crystallization from solvated aggregates into orderly packed structures.
  • Polymer films deposited at high temperatures showed reduced structural disorder and up to two orders of magnitude higher electron mobility compared to those deposited at low temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents an effective strategy for tuning solution-state aggregation to control solid-state microstructures.
  • Temperature-controlled aggregation is a viable method to improve the performance of conjugated polymer-based electronics.
  • Understanding solution-state aggregation is key to designing high-performance conjugated polymer materials.