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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy after tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in unresectable melanoma.

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Addressing Biases in Analysis of Time of Infusion: NCI/SWOG Trial S1404 Among Participants With High-Risk Resectable Melanoma Who Received Adjuvant Anti-PD-1 Therapy.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation
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Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation

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Balancing Cancer Immunotherapy Efficacy and Toxicity.

Douglas B Johnson1, Baruch D Jakubovic2, Vincent Sibaud3

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|June 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies offer durable cancer responses but can cause autoimmune toxicities. Management may involve corticosteroids, immunosuppression, and careful consideration of immunotherapy rechallenge due to potential flares.

Keywords:
AllergyAnti–PD-1Anti–PD-L1DermatitisImmune-related adverse eventNephritisRechallenge

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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have revolutionized cancer treatment.
  • ICI therapies induce durable antitumor responses across various cancer types.
  • Therapeutic toxicities are primarily autoimmune and can affect multiple organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies.
  • To focus on clinical issues relevant to allergists/immunologists.
  • To discuss the safety of immunotherapy rechallenge.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ICI toxicities.
  • Focus on specific toxicities like interstitial nephritis and skin toxicity.
  • Analysis of data regarding immunotherapy rechallenge risks.

Main Results:

  • ICI toxicities are autoimmune, involving T-cell activation and autoantibodies.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions are also possible.
  • Most toxicities respond to corticosteroids, but some require second-line immunosuppression.

Conclusions:

  • ICI therapies are effective but carry significant autoimmune risks.
  • Allergists/immunologists play a role in managing ICI-related toxicities.
  • Rechallenge with ICIs carries risks of toxicity flares and requires careful assessment.