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Sensor-Aided V2X Beam Tracking for Connected Automated Driving: Distributed Architecture and Processing Algorithms.

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This study introduces a sensor-aided beam-tracking system for ultra-reliable low-latency Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X) communications. It ensures precise beam alignment for millimeter-wave and Free-Space Optics, crucial for high automation vehicles.

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V2IV2VV2Xbeam alignmentcooperative beam trackingfree-space opticsmmwave

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communications
  • Automotive Technology
  • Optical Communications

Background:

  • Ultra-reliable low-latency communication is essential for high Levels of Automation (LoA) in vehicles.
  • Beam-based V2X communication using millimeter-wave (mmW) or Free-Space Optics (FSO) faces challenges with pointing misalignment and blockage.
  • Vibrations and tilting dynamics in vehicles exacerbate beam misalignment issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel V2X system architecture and algorithms for precise beam alignment.
  • To address the pointing misalignment issue in highly collimated V2X beams.
  • To enable robust V2X communication for high LoA use cases.

Main Methods:

  • A sensor-aided beam-tracking strategy is developed to counteract misalignment.
  • A parallel low-rate, low-latency control link exchanges vehicle kinematic data (position, orientation).
  • This control link assists beam-pointing along the line-of-sight for mmW and FSO transceivers.

Main Results:

  • The proposed V2X architecture effectively compensates for misalignment caused by vehicle dynamics.
  • Numerical results validate the robustness of the sensor-aided beam-tracking methodology.
  • Highly directional mmW and FSO communications demonstrate suitability for high-data-rate vehicular communication in high mobility scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • The sensor-aided beam-tracking strategy ensures ultra-reliable, low-latency V2X communication.
  • Millimeter-wave and Free-Space Optics are promising for future high-data-rate vehicular networks.
  • The proposed system architecture supports advanced driver-assistance systems and autonomous driving.