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This study shows that 5G cellular networks can determine static receiver positions using synchronization signals. Compensating for clock errors enables precise localization, achieving 8-10 meter accuracy in urban and rural areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Telecommunications Engineering
  • Geomatics Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Accurate positioning is crucial for various applications, including navigation and location-based services.
  • Existing cellular networks offer potential for passive localization, reducing reliance on dedicated Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS).
  • Synchronization among cellular base stations significantly impacts the accuracy of Time of Arrival (ToA) based localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of using 5G broadcast synchronization signals for static receiver positioning.
  • To analyze the impact of base station synchronization on localization accuracy in a real-world 5G network.
  • To demonstrate the potential of 5G-based localization after compensating for clock errors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of synchronization signals from a live 5G network in Milan, Italy.
  • Characterization of clock drifts and biases among 5G base stations.
  • Development and application of synchronization error compensation strategies.
  • Localization accuracy assessment using Time of Arrival (ToA) measurements from 5G Release 15 signals.

Main Results:

  • Significant synchronization bias was observed among 5G base stations, negatively affecting precise cellular positioning.
  • Compensation for clock synchronization errors was demonstrated to be effective.
  • Achieved static user localization accuracy of approximately 8-10 meters under clear visibility conditions.

Conclusions:

  • 5G broadcast synchronization signals are feasible for static receiver positioning.
  • Accurate localization requires addressing and compensating for base station clock synchronization errors.
  • This 5G localization method offers a promising alternative or supplement to traditional PNT systems, particularly in urban and rural environments.