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Regulators of Viral Frameshifting: More Than RNA Influences Translation Events

Wesley D Penn1, Haley R Harrington1, Jonathan P Schlebach1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.

Annual Review of Virology
|July 1, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a vital gene expression mechanism in life and viruses. New cis and trans elements are being discovered, revealing a deeper understanding of PRF regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a conserved translational recoding mechanism essential in all life and viruses.
  • In host cells, PRF downregulates protein production, triggering mRNA decay.
  • In viruses, PRF optimizes protein stoichiometry for productive infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms of programmed ribosomal frameshifting.
  • To identify novel cis and trans elements involved in PRF regulation.
  • To deepen the understanding of PRF's evolutionary conservation and function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of conserved cis-acting elements (slippery sequences, RNA structures).
  • Identification of novel cis and trans regulatory factors.
  • Investigation of PRF's role in host-pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

  • Traditional PRF motifs involve slippery sequences and RNA structures.
  • New cis and trans elements influencing PRF have been identified.
  • These factors highlight the complex regulation of PRF in both host and viral systems.

Conclusions:

  • Programmed ribosomal frameshifting is a more complex and regulated process than previously understood.
  • The discovery of new regulatory elements expands our knowledge of gene expression control.
  • PRF's intricate regulation is crucial for biological processes and viral replication.
Keywords:
PRFcis-acting elementsmRNA regulatorsprogrammed ribosomal frameshiftingprotein regulatorstrans-acting elements

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