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Related Concept Videos

Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

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The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
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What are Membranes?01:24

What are Membranes?

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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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What are Membranes?01:54

What are Membranes?

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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and...
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Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
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Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells
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Author Spotlight: Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells

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Membrane processes.

Sara Arabi1, Marie-Laure Pellegrin2, Jorge Aguinaldo3

  • 1HDR, Rosemont, Illinois, USA.

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation
|July 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers 2018-2019 membrane processes for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, focusing on membrane bioreactors (MBR), fouling, and nutrient removal advancements.

Keywords:
FOMBRMDNFROmembrane

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Membrane processes are crucial for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
  • Annual reviews track advancements in water treatment systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review membrane process findings from 2018-2019 publications.
  • To cover key topics in membrane technology for water treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of publications from 2018 and 2019.
  • Focus on membrane processes within the Treatment Systems section.

Main Results:

  • Key topics include membrane bioreactor (MBR) configuration, fouling, design, reuse, nutrient removal, and operation.
  • Advances in anaerobic membrane systems, microconstituent removal, and modeling are discussed.
  • Related topics include industrial wastewater, hazardous wastes, and pollutant fate.

Conclusions:

  • This review synthesizes recent findings in membrane technology for water treatment.
  • It highlights critical areas for future research and application in municipal and industrial settings.