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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.3K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
703
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.0K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.0K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

28.9K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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What Determines the fcc-bcc Structural Transformation in Shock Compressed Noble Metals?

Surinder M Sharma1, Stefan J Turneaure1, J M Winey1

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Stacking fault formation in silver under high pressure promotes structural transformation to the body-centered-cubic phase. Platinum, however, resists this transformation due to a lack of stacking faults.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • High-Pressure Physics

Background:

  • High-pressure structural transformations are typically understood through thermodynamic states (pressure-volume-temperature).
  • The influence of deformation-induced lattice defects on these transformations, particularly in noble metals, remains an area of active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of stacking faults (SFs) in high-pressure phase transformations in laser-shock compressed silver (Ag) and platinum (Pt).
  • To compare the behavior of Ag and Pt under shock compression and relate it to defect formation.

Main Methods:

  • In situ X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on laser-shock compressed silver and platinum.
  • Analysis focused on identifying structural phases and the presence of lattice defects, specifically stacking faults.

Main Results:

  • Shock-compressed silver exhibited a significant increase in stacking faults prior to transforming to the body-centered-cubic (bcc) structure at 144-158 GPa.
  • Shock-compressed platinum, largely free of stacking faults, retained its face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure up to 380 GPa.
  • These results, combined with data for gold, indicate that SF formation facilitates high-pressure transformations in noble metals under shock compression.

Conclusions:

  • Stacking fault formation is a critical factor promoting high-pressure structural transformations in shocked noble metals, leading to phases not observed under static compression.
  • The study suggests potential SF-related mechanisms driving the face-centered-cubic to body-centered-cubic transformations.