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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Simultaneous fMRI and Electrophysiology in the Rodent Brain
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Simultaneous recording and marking of brain microstructures.

Khalil B Ramadi1,2,3, Canan Dagdeviren4,3, Preksha Bhagchandani5

  • 1Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|July 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel concentric marking electrode (CME) for precise brain region targeting. This electrode enables simultaneous recording and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible marking, improving neurophysiological study accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Studying brain physiology often requires invasive probes for stimulation, recording, or sampling.
  • Accurate localization of probes within specific brain regions is crucial for reliable neurophysiological data.
  • Existing methods may lack precision in pinpointing exact probe locations, potentially affecting experimental outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electrode for precise co-localization of targeted brain regions.
  • To enable simultaneous neural recording and in vivo anatomical marking using a single probe.
  • To create stable, MRI-visible fiducial markers for neurophysiological research.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a customizable concentric marking electrode (CME) with an iron core and stainless steel sheath.
  • Use of a dielectric layer (SiO2, Al2O3, SiO2) to electrically insulate the iron core.
  • Electrical stimulation to induce iron microdeposits for in vivo and ex vivo visualization.
  • Recording of multi-neuronal extracellular firing patterns.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated in vivo iron microdeposits as small as 100 μm, visible via MRI and histology.
  • Showcased tunable deposit size by varying stimulus parameters.
  • Confirmed remarkable stability of iron microdeposits, persisting up to 10 months.
  • Successfully targeted the CA3 area of the hippocampus in adult rats.

Conclusions:

  • The CME provides a single-probe solution for accurate brain region targeting, recording, and marking.
  • Iron microdeposits serve as stable, high-resolution fiducial markers for both in vivo and ex vivo analyses.
  • This technique enhances the precision and reliability of neurophysiological studies by minimizing insertion-related inaccuracies.