High-Sensitivity Goos-Hänchen Shifts Sensor Based on BlueP-TMDCs-Graphene Heterostructure

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with two-dimensional (2D) materials is proposed to enhance the sensitivity of sensors. A novel Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift sensing scheme based on blue phosphorene (BlueP)/transition metal dichalogenides (TMDCs) and graphene structure is proposed. The significantly enhanced GH shift is obtained by optimizing the layers of BlueP/TMDCs and graphene. The maximum GH shift of the hybrid structure of Ag-Indium tin oxide (ITO)-BlueP/WS₂-graphene is -2361λ with BlueP/WS₂ four layers and a graphene monolayer. Furthermore, the GH shift can be positive or negative depending on the layer number of BlueP/TMDCs and graphene. For sensing performance, the highest sensitivity of 2.767 × 10⁷λ/RIU is realized, which is 5152.7 times higher than the traditional Ag-SPR structure, 2470.5 times of Ag-ITO, 2159.2 times of Ag-ITO-BlueP/WS₂, and 688.9 times of Ag-ITO-graphene. Therefore, such configuration with GH shift can be used in various chemical, biomedical and optical sensing fields.