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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

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Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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On Demand Light-Degradable Polymers Based on 9,10-Dialkoxyanthracenes.

Fabian Becker1, Marvin Klaiber1, Matthias Franzreb1

  • 1Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|July 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new polymers that degrade with visible light, offering controllable material property changes. These polymers are stable in the dark and degrade selectively when exposed to green light, enabling on-demand material modulation.

Keywords:
backbone degradationcopolymerssinglet oxygensustainabilitytextiles

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Externally controllable degradation of polymers is crucial for advanced material applications.
  • Existing light-degradable polymers often require UV light and lack precise control.
  • A limited range of polymers allows for predictable degradation under specific light conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel class of backbone-degradable polymers.
  • To achieve aerobic degradation using visible light, specifically green light.
  • To demonstrate controlled degradation on demand in processed materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized polymers incorporating 9,10-dialkoxyanthracene units in the polymer backbone.
  • Investigated degradation mechanism using singlet oxygen and green light.
  • Confirmed chemical changes via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and UV/Vis spectroscopy.
  • Processed polymers into bicompartmental microfibers using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) co-jetting.

Main Results:

  • Developed polymers that degrade selectively under aerobic conditions with visible green light.
  • Demonstrated stability of the polymers under broad-spectrum light in anaerobic environments.
  • Confirmed selective cleavage of the polymer backbone by singlet oxygen.
  • Successfully fabricated microfibers with one hemisphere degrading on demand.

Conclusions:

  • Novel polymers offer precise, visible-light-triggered degradation.
  • The 9,10-dialkoxyanthracene unit is key to selective cleavage by singlet oxygen.
  • EHD co-jetting enables the creation of functional microfibers with on-demand degradation capabilities.