[Etiological diagnosis of thyroid nodules : collaborative approach between the internist and specialists]

One or more thyroid nodules, most often asymptomatic, may be found in more than half of the population, and they usually do not require specific therapeutic management, except for cancerous nodules. In order to avoid under-diagnosis and over-treatment, we propose a diagnostic strategy in line with current recommendations, based on the collaboration between general internist, radiologist, and endocrinologist. In addition to clinical information and thyroid function tests, thyroid ultrasound remains the first step in assessing the risk of nodule malignancy and setting the indication for fine needle aspiration. Cytology then makes it possible to define the therapeutic strategy, from an observation of the evolution to interventional, surgical or radiofrequency management.