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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

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Compact setup for spin-, time-, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

K Bühlmann1, R Gort1, A Fognini1

  • 1Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a compact spin-, time-, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy setup. This system offers higher resolution and efficiency for spin filtering compared to traditional Mott-based techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Surface science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Spin-, time-, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SPARPES) is crucial for understanding electron dynamics in materials.
  • Existing SPARPES techniques often face limitations in resolution, efficiency, or experimental complexity.
  • Developing advanced spectroscopic tools is essential for probing quantum materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, compact experimental setup for advanced photoemission spectroscopy.
  • To achieve high-resolution, time-resolved, and spin-resolved electronic structure measurements.
  • To demonstrate a spin-filtering element with improved performance over existing methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a 10 kHz titanium sapphire laser system for 20 fs pulses.
  • Employing high harmonic generation for a 21 eV ultraviolet photon source.
  • Integrating a hemispherical energy analyzer with a novel spin-filtering element based on spin-polarized low-energy electron diffraction (SPLEEM).

Main Results:

  • The developed setup enables simultaneous spin-, time-, and angle-resolved photoemission measurements.
  • The SPLEEM-based spin filter demonstrates superior resolution and efficiency compared to Mott-based techniques.
  • The system is capable of performing pump-probe experiments with high temporal precision.

Conclusions:

  • The compact SPARPES setup provides a powerful new tool for surface science and condensed matter research.
  • The enhanced spin-filtering performance opens avenues for more detailed investigations of electron spin properties.
  • This advancement facilitates the study of complex electronic phenomena in materials with unprecedented detail.