Recombinant human interleukin-1 beta causes histamine release from human basophils

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Histamine releasing factors (HRFs) are secreted by human lymphocytes and monocytes.
• No HRF has been purified to date.
• HRF shares physicochemical properties with interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the ability of IL-1 and TNF preparations to induce basophil histamine release (HR).

Main Methods:

• Human recombinant pro-IL-1 beta, mature IL-1, and TNF were used to stimulate human basophils.
• Dose-response effects and responder subsets were analyzed.
• Responses were compared to anti-IgE induced HR.

Main Results:

• Recombinant pro-IL-1 beta, mature IL-1, and TNF induced significant HR in a subpopulation of basophils.
• Pro-IL-1 beta showed a dose-dependent response, with inhibition at higher concentrations.
• Responder subsets for mature IL-1 and TNF were similar, but pro-IL-1 response was linked to anti-IgE sensitivity.
• Pro-IL-1 was less potent and less stable than mature IL-1.

Conclusions:

• IL-1 and TNF can induce basophil histamine release, suggesting a broader role for cytokines in HR.
• Mononuclear cell-derived HRF differs from IL-1 and TNF in stability and potency.
• Further research may identify additional cytokines with histamine-releasing capabilities.