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Related Concept Videos

Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
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Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
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Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood

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Embryonic circulating endothelial progenitor cells.

Sandra Díaz Del Moral1,2, Silvia Barrena1,2, Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli1,2

  • 1Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.

Angiogenesis
|July 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Embryonic circulating endothelial progenitor cells are key to vascular development. This review explores their origins, functions, and the need for further research into these vital cells.

Keywords:
Endothelial colony-forming cellsEndothelial progenitor cellsVascular growthVasculogenesis

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Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
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Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood

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Last Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
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Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Hematology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Traditional vertebrate vascular development models involve vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
  • Adult endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) revealed postnatal vascular growth via circulating cell recruitment.
  • The role of embryonic circulating EPCs in vascular development remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on embryonic and fetal circulating endothelial progenitors.
  • To explore their features, origins, and physiological functions.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and areas for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications.
  • Synthesis of findings on various progenitor cell populations.
  • Analysis of their roles in embryonic and fetal development.

Main Results:

  • Identified early progenitors (E7.5) from the yolk sac.
  • Highlighted hematovascular progenitors in fetal liver.
  • Included yolk sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors, G2-GATA4 lineage cells, and placental/umbilical cord blood EPCs.

Conclusions:

  • Embryonic circulating endothelial progenitors are crucial for vascular development.
  • Multiple progenitor populations exist with distinct origins and functions.
  • Further characterization and understanding of relationships between these cells are necessary.