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A review on dental whitening
Rawan Alkahtani1, Simon Stone2, Matthew German2
1College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom.
Journal of Dentistry
|July 3, 2020
Summary
Vital dental whitening effectiveness relies on agent concentration, pH, and application time. New technologies like nano-additives show promise for enhanced results and reduced enamel damage.
Area of Science:
- Dental Science
- Biomaterials
- Cosmetic Dentistry
Background:
- Vital dental whitening is a popular cosmetic procedure.
- Understanding the chemistry and safety of whitening agents is crucial for clinicians.
- Factors influencing whitening efficacy and potential side effects require thorough review.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a narrative review of vital dental whitening.
- To cover chemistry, toxicity, safety, techniques, systems, side effects, and cyclic whitening.
- To present new developments and recommendations for clinicians.
Main Methods:
- Literature search using PubMed and Scopus databases.
- Keywords included: dental whitening, roughness, hardness, sensitivity, hydrogen peroxide, whitening pH, whitening concentration, whitening chemistry, color, and toxicity.
- Bibliographic material from reviewed papers was used to identify additional relevant publications.
Main Results:
- Whitening effectiveness is influenced by concentration, pH, application duration, and additives.
- New developments include nano-additives and alternative carrier systems.
- These innovations aim to accelerate the whitening process and minimize enamel damage.
Conclusions:
- Optimizing whitening treatments requires understanding the impact of concentration and pH on enamel.
- Emerging technologies offer potential for improved whitening outcomes and safety.
- Clinicians need comprehensive knowledge to tailor treatments effectively.
