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Diffusion tensor imaging quantifying the severity of chronic hepatitis in rats.

Mengping Huang1, Xin Lu1, Xiaofeng Wang1

  • 1Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China.

BMC Medical Imaging
|July 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can distinguish early cirrhosis from other liver fibrosis stages using the FA value. However, DTI parameters could not effectively stage necroinflammatory activity or steatosis in rats.

Keywords:
Average diffusion coefficientChronic hepatitisDiffusion tensor imagingFractional anisotropyLiver fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is primarily used for brain white matter analysis.
  • Previous studies explored DTI for liver disorders, but its efficacy in staging chronic hepatitis remained unclear.
  • This research investigates DTI's potential for staging liver fibrosis, necroinflammatory activity, and steatosis in a rat model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the diagnostic value of DTI in staging liver fibrosis, necroinflammatory activity, and steatosis in chronic hepatitis.
  • To correlate DTI-derived MR parameters (rADC and FA values) with histopathological findings.
  • To determine if DTI can accurately differentiate between various stages of liver disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were used, with chronic hepatitis models induced by CCl4 injections.
  • All rats underwent 3.0T MRI with DTI to obtain rADC and FA values from liver regions of interest.
  • Histopathology served as the gold standard for staging fibrosis (F), activity (A), and steatosis (S).

Main Results:

  • Fractional Anisotropy (FA) values positively correlated with liver fibrosis (r=0.409, P=0.005).
  • FA values significantly differentiated advanced fibrosis (F4) from earlier stages (F0-F3) (P=0.03), with an AUC of 0.909.
  • Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (rADC) values showed negative correlations with fibrosis and inflammation but lacked discriminatory power for fibrosis grades, activity, or steatosis.

Conclusions:

  • DTI's FA value can distinguish early cirrhosis from less severe liver fibrosis stages in rats.
  • The rADC value demonstrated limited ability to differentiate fibrosis grades and could not stage necroinflammatory activity or steatosis.
  • DTI shows promise for non-invasively assessing liver fibrosis progression, but further validation is needed for other disease parameters.