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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.6K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Wandering along the epigenetic timeline.

Clémence Topart1,2, Emilie Werner1,2, Paola B Arimondo3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.

Clinical Epigenetics
|July 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic patterns are key to understanding aging and age-related diseases. Targeting these epigenetic marks through reprogramming offers a potential path toward rejuvenation and extending healthspan.

Keywords:
Age-related pathologiesAgeingEnvironmental factorsEpigenetic clocksReprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Extending human life expectancy and healthspan remains a significant challenge.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases is crucial for progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenetics in aging and age-related diseases.
  • To investigate the impact of environmental factors on epigenetic patterns.
  • To discuss epigenetic reprogramming as a strategy for rejuvenation.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on epigenetic patterns and epigenetic clocks for aging assessment.
  • Analysis of environmental factors (alcohol, diet, tobacco, stress) and their link to age-related conditions.
  • Review of epigenetic reprogramming strategies.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic patterns are indicative of biological age and influenced by environmental factors.
  • Epigenetic clocks can measure aging and the effects of environmental exposures.
  • Inflammation, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease are linked to epigenetic alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic marks are reversible and represent promising targets for rejuvenation.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the epigenetic signatures of age-related diseases and identify therapeutic targets.
  • Epigenetic reprogramming for rejuvenation is an emerging field requiring more study.