Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

430
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
430
Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

253
Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
253
Bacterial Protein Maturation01:26

Bacterial Protein Maturation

335
Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
335
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

202
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
202
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

2.9K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.9K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.2K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corrigendum: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Para-Benzoquinone (pBQ) Modifies Human Mitochondrial Phenylalanyl-tRNA Synthetase and Contributes to Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Chemical research in toxicology·2026
Same author

AARS Online: A collaborative database on the structure, function, and evolution of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

IUBMB life·2024
Same author

Methionyl-tRNA synthetase synthetic and proofreading activities are determinants of antibiotic persistence.

Frontiers in microbiology·2024
Same author

What is microbial dormancy?

Trends in microbiology·2023
Same author

The Pros of changing tRNA identity.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells
14:29

Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: December 25, 2021

4.5K

Translational quality control and reprogramming during stress adaptation.

Nien-Ching Han1, Paul Kelly2, Michael Ibba1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA.

Experimental Cell Research
|July 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells adapt to environmental stress by rapidly altering protein synthesis at the translational level. This includes changes in translational fidelity and activity, crucial for organism survival and stress response.

Keywords:
Quality controlTranslationtRNA

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Polysome Profiling Protocol for Studying Translational Regulation in Arabidopsis Under Heat Stress
08:39

Author Spotlight: Polysome Profiling Protocol for Studying Translational Regulation in Arabidopsis Under Heat Stress

Published on: October 11, 2024

2.1K
Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling
10:00

Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling

Published on: October 28, 2014

28.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells
14:29

Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: December 25, 2021

4.5K
Author Spotlight: Polysome Profiling Protocol for Studying Translational Regulation in Arabidopsis Under Heat Stress
08:39

Author Spotlight: Polysome Profiling Protocol for Studying Translational Regulation in Arabidopsis Under Heat Stress

Published on: October 11, 2024

2.1K
Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling
10:00

Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling

Published on: October 28, 2014

28.7K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Organisms must rapidly respond to environmental changes to survive.
  • Transcriptional regulation is key for gene expression but slower than translational regulation.
  • Translational control allows for faster protein-level adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on cellular adaptation at the translational level.
  • To discuss how translational fidelity and activity change under stress.
  • To cover stress responses in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on translational regulation under stress.
  • Analysis of mechanisms modulating global and selective translation.
  • Examination of responses to various environmental stressors.

Main Results:

  • Translational regulation provides a faster adaptive mechanism than transcription.
  • Mistranslation can be a beneficial adaptive strategy under stress.
  • Stressors like oxidative stress, nutrient depletion, and antibiotics modulate translation.

Conclusions:

  • Translational control is a critical layer of cellular adaptation to environmental stress.
  • Understanding translational regulation offers insights into organismal survival strategies.
  • Mechanisms include altered aminoacyl-tRNA activity, tRNA pool changes, and ribosome heterogeneity.