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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

47.7K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging
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Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging

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Cell type-specific patterned neural activity instructs neural map formation in the mouse olfactory system.

Ai Nakashima1, Naoki Ihara1, Yuji Ikegaya2

  • 1Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.

Neuroscience Research
|July 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural circuits develop via genetics and activity. In mice, olfactory sensory neuron axons form a map in the olfactory bulb, refined by neural activity.

Keywords:
Axon guidanceGene expressionNeural activityNeural circuit formationOlfactory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Sensory Systems

Background:

  • Neural circuit development involves genetic programming and activity-dependent refinement.
  • The mouse olfactory system provides a model for studying topographic map formation.
  • Axons of olfactory sensory neurons expressing the same receptor converge onto specific glomeruli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of topographic map development in the mouse olfactory system.
  • To highlight the role of neural activity in refining the olfactory glomerular map.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on olfactory system development.
  • Analysis of genetic and activity-dependent mechanisms.
  • Focus on glomerular map formation in the olfactory bulb.

Main Results:

  • Genetic factors initially guide the formation of the olfactory map.
  • Neural activity plays a crucial role in refining the precision of the glomerular map.
  • Spatially invariant convergence of axons onto glomeruli is a key feature.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding olfactory map development offers insights into broader principles of neural circuit formation.
  • Neural activity is essential for activity-dependent refinement of sensory maps.
  • The mouse olfactory system serves as a powerful model for studying neural map development.