Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
07:41

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

4.1K

Atrial Septal Defect

Elisa A Bradley1, Ali N Zaidi2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Cardiology Clinics
|July 6, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Atrial septal defects are common congenital heart conditions. While small defects may close naturally, larger ones often require intervention to prevent serious heart complications.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are frequent congenital heart anomalies.
  • They involve incomplete tissue formation in the interatrial septum.
  • Unrepaired ASDs can lead to right heart overload, arrhythmias, and pulmonary hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the characteristics, diagnosis, and management of atrial septal defects.
  • To outline the different types and clinical presentations of ASDs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common congenital heart defects.
  • Description of physical findings and diagnostic considerations for ASDs.
  • Discussion of treatment options and contraindications.

Main Results:

  • Three main types of ASDs exist: ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus venosus.
  • Key physical findings include a midsystolic pulmonary murmur and fixed split S2.
  • Spontaneous closure occurs in small defects; larger ones necessitate intervention.

Conclusions:

  • ASDs range from asymptomatic to hemodynamically significant conditions.
  • Management depends on defect size and clinical impact.
  • Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension contraindicates defect closure.

Keywords:
Atrial septal defectCongenital heart diseaseOstium primum defectOstium secundum defectPulmonary arterial hypertensionSinus venosus defect

More Related Videos

Reduction of Iatrogenic Atrial Septal Defects with an Anterior and Inferior Transseptal Puncture Site when Operating the Cryoballoon Ablation Catheter08:00

Reduction of Iatrogenic Atrial Septal Defects with an Anterior and Inferior Transseptal Puncture Site when Operating the Cryoballoon Ablation Catheter

Published on: June 15, 2015

14.3K
Murine Fetal Echocardiography08:04

Murine Fetal Echocardiography

Published on: February 15, 2013

17.9K

Related Concept Videos

Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
9.4K
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
234
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
303
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
131
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
436
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
266