[Plant resistance to pathogens: A review describing the vertical and horizontal resistance concepts]

Understanding plant resistance requires an interdisciplinary effort between biological and agricultural sciences. In this setting, phytopathology has experienced an upsurge of interest from researchers and scholars in the disciplines of ecology, evolution and molecular biology. This encounter did neither avoid misunderstandings among scholars nor the use of similar concepts with different meanings. The purpose of this paper is to offer a modern comprehensive view of plant resistance against pathogens using a classical phytopathology concept as framework: Van der Plank s concept of horizontal and vertical resistance. This concept is used in other agricultural science disciplines (plant breeding and genetics), supporting why it is a proper framework for explaining plant resistance. Within this frame, other classical phytopathologycal concepts are explained in combination with modern model descriptions of plant-pathogen interactions and how all these concepts are related with quantitative and field resistance. This review is written in Spanish because it serves an additional purpose. In the Spanish-speaking America, besides interdisciplinarity, phytopathology as an academic discipline faces another challenge: the students' low-English language proficiency. In this regard, this review intends to become a companion guide for plant-pathology teachers in the region interested in providing an insight into the modern concepts of plant resistance.