A primer on artificial intelligence for the paediatric cardiologist

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Artificial Intelligence
• Medical Informatics

Background:

• Pediatric cardiology involves complex decision-making due to its perceptual and cognitive demands.
• Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising technological solution for enhancing these decision-making processes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a primer on AI in pediatric cardiology.
• To review the history, current applications, and future potential of AI in adult and pediatric cardiology.
• To discuss barriers to implementing AI in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on AI in medicine and cardiology.
• Discussion of prototypical AI system functionalities for patient data analysis and classification.
• Exploration of AI applications in disease phenotyping, outcome prediction, and personalized treatment strategies.

Main Results:

• AI systems can integrate and interpret vast amounts of patient data.
• AI facilitates comparison with aggregated health data, literature, and trials for enhanced clinical insights.
• Potential applications include morbidity/mortality prediction, precision medicine, and optimized surgical/imaging recommendations.

Conclusions:

• AI holds transformative potential for pediatric cardiology by supporting complex clinical decisions.
• Future implementation requires addressing current barriers to technology adoption.
• AI can personalize patient care, from diagnosis to long-term management.