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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

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Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Jing Yang1, Justine A Barletta1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
|July 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare cancer with a high mortality rate. Recent advances in understanding its molecular basis and staging are improving diagnosis and enabling targeted therapies.

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Last Updated: Dec 16, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but aggressive thyroid malignancy with a poor prognosis.
  • Accurate diagnosis and staging are critical for effective management and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review prognostic factors, diagnostic features, staging updates, and molecular alterations in ATC.
  • To highlight aspects of ATC that may influence current and future treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in ATC research.
  • Analysis of updated American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging guidelines.
  • Discussion of emerging molecular targets and their therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

  • The T staging for ATC has been revised in the latest AJCC manual based on tumor invasion extent.
  • Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular underpinnings of ATC.
  • Targeted therapies are becoming available for a subset of ATC patients.

Conclusions:

  • Updated staging and molecular insights are crucial for improving ATC patient outcomes.
  • Continued research into molecular alterations will likely lead to more personalized treatment approaches for ATC.