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Published on: December 4, 2015
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Avian influenza overview September - November 2017
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority
|July 7, 2020
Summary
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) outbreaks occurred in Europe in 2017. While human exposure happened, no human cases were identified, but global monitoring is crucial.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Epidemiology
- Virology
- Public Health
Background:
- Europe experienced significant outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) in poultry and wild birds between September and November 2017.
- A notable second epidemic wave of HPAI A(H5N8) began in Italy in July 2017 and was ongoing as of November 2017.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report on the epidemiological situation of HPAI A(H5N8) in Europe.
- To update the list of wild bird species for effective passive surveillance of H5 HPAI viruses.
- To assess ongoing risks from avian influenza, including potential introduction to Europe via migratory birds and threats to human health.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of reported HPAI A(H5N8) outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in Europe.
- Epidemiological investigation of secondary spread sources in Italian poultry holdings.
- Review of global avian influenza situation, including human cases and virus evolution in Africa and Asia.
- Discussions with member states on improving data collection and exchange.
Main Results:
- 48 HPAI A(H5N8) outbreaks in poultry and 9 H5 HPAI wild bird events were reported in Europe.
- In Italy, secondary spread was linked to vehicle/personnel sharing and proximity to infected holdings.
- No human transmissions of HPAI were identified in the EU despite poultry exposure.
- An updated list of target wild bird species for passive surveillance was developed.
Conclusions:
- The HPAI A(H5N8) epidemic in Europe requires continued monitoring and control measures.
- Effective passive surveillance strategies for H5 HPAI viruses depend on targeting specific wild bird species.
- Global vigilance, particularly concerning HPAI strains in Asia and Africa, is essential due to potential zoonotic implications and migratory bird pathways.
- Enhanced data collection and exchange among member states are necessary for improved avian influenza surveillance and response.
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