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    This study assessed 36 vector-borne diseases (VBDs) for introduction risk into the EU. Only eight VBDs pose a significant risk, requiring further assessment of spread and impact on animal and public health.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Risk Assessment

    Background:

    • Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a significant threat to animal and public health.
    • The European Union (EU) requires ongoing assessment of VBD introduction risks.
    • EFSA's Panel on Animal Health and Welfare previously summarized characteristics of 36 VBDs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the risk of introduction of 36 VBDs into the EU.
    • To evaluate the potential spread, overwintering, and impact of high-risk VBDs.
    • To provide a screening-level risk assessment for VBDs in the EU.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a semi-quantitative Method to INTegrate all relevant RISK aspects (MINTRISK) model, adapted for a European scale.
    • Assessed introduction risk for 36 VBDs based on entry, vector transmission, and establishment rates.
    • For the eight highest-risk VBDs, assessed annual spread, overwintering probability, and potential impacts.

    Main Results:

    • Only eight of the 36 VBDs assessed had an introduction rate exceeding 0.001 per year.
    • These eight VBDs include Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, bluetongue virus, West Nile virus, and others.
    • The study provides a foundation for further, more detailed national or subnational risk assessments.

    Conclusions:

    • A limited number of VBDs represent the primary introduction risk to the EU.
    • Further assessment of spread and impact is crucial for these high-risk VBDs.
    • The EFSA-VBD-RISK-model is available for detailed, localized risk assessments.