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Detecting the Coronavirus (COVID-19).

Pravin Pokhrel1, Changpeng Hu1,2, Hanbin Mao1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, United States.

ACS Sensors
|July 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for effective diagnostic tools. This review discusses SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies and the development of accessible point-of-care tests for future viral threats.

Keywords:
RT-PCRdetection kitsdiagnosisfalse negativefalse positiveimmunoassaypoint-of-care testing (POCT)sensitivityspecificity

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Public Health
  • Diagnostic Technologies
  • Epidemic Preparedness

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread panic due to the underestimated severity of SARS-CoV-2.
  • Accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial for controlling emerging infectious diseases, especially without available treatments or vaccines.
  • The concept of 'Panic Zone viruses' is introduced for pathogens with deceptive transmission and mortality rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing COVID-19 diagnostic kits and emerging sensing technologies for SARS-CoV-2.
  • To provide guidelines for selecting appropriate diagnostic kits based on outbreak stages.
  • To advocate for the development of affordable, mass-deployable point-of-care testing (POCT) kits.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of over 100 commercially available COVID-19 diagnostic kits as of July 2020.
  • Discussion of emerging sensing techniques for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
  • Analysis of diagnostic kit selection criteria for different phases of a viral outbreak.

Main Results:

  • Nucleic acid-based tests with high sensitivity are vital in early outbreak stages.
  • Immunoassay-based tests with high specificity are important for later stages, aiding societal reopening.
  • The review highlights the importance of balancing sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Rational selection of diagnostic kits is essential for managing 'Panic Zone viruses' like SARS-CoV-2.
  • Development of mass-scale, affordable point-of-care testing (POCT) is critical for future pandemic defense.
  • Government and private sector collaboration is urged to advance accessible diagnostic solutions.