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Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
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Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

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Association between vitamin D level and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hye Won Park1,2, Gina Lim3, Yong-Mean Park1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Plos One
|July 7, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal vitamin D deficiency is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This meta-analysis confirms that low vitamin D levels at birth increase the risk of BPD in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Neonatal vitamin D deficiency is prevalent.
  • Vitamin D is crucial for normal lung development.
  • The link between vitamin D deficiency and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between vitamin D status and the incidence of BPD.
  • To synthesize existing evidence through a meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed.
  • Inclusion of 8 studies with a total of 909 infants.
  • Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality assessment and I2 statistic for heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D deficiency at birth was significantly associated with BPD (OR 2.405, p=0.007).
  • Low vitamin D levels at birth were also linked to BPD (SMD -1.463, p=0.046).
  • Overall, 27.6% of infants in the included studies developed BPD.

Conclusions:

  • Antenatal vitamin D deficiency and low vitamin D levels are associated with neonatal BPD.
  • These findings highlight the potential importance of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy.
  • Further research may clarify optimal vitamin D levels for preventing BPD.

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