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Cryo-electron Microscopy

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Correlative Microscopy for 3D Structural Analysis of Dynamic Interactions

Correlative Microscopy for 3D Structural Analysis of Dynamic Interactions

Published on: June 24, 2013

Cellular Electron Cryo-Tomography to Study Virus-Host Interactions.

Emmanuelle R J Quemin¹, Emily A Machala², Benjamin Vollmer^1,2

¹Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, University of Hamburg, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany;

Annual Review of Virology

|July 8, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular electron cryo-tomography (cryoET) reveals virus-host interactions in 3D. This advanced imaging technique uncovers molecular mechanisms of viral replication, assembly, and egress in near-native states.

Keywords:

archaea bacteria high-resolution microscopy structure virus replication cycle

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Published on: October 21, 2014

Area of Science:

Structural Biology
Virology
Microscopy

Background:

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that hijack host cells for replication.
Understanding virus-host interactions is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.
Cellular electron cryo-tomography (cryoET) has emerged as a powerful tool for visualizing these interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent structural insights into virus-host interactions across diverse life forms.
To highlight the advancements and capabilities of cryoET in studying viral replication.
To discuss the impact of cryoET on integrative structural cell biology.

Main Methods:

Cellular electron cryo-tomography (cryoET) for 3D imaging of vitreous samples.
Cryo-thinning techniques, phase-plate imaging, and correlative approaches.
Advanced image analysis and processing for high-resolution structural determination.

Main Results:

cryoET has provided unprecedented structural details of virus-host interactions in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.
The technique has revealed molecular mechanisms of viral entry, assembly, and egress at (sub)nanometer resolution.
Recent developments have enabled the study of rare events within infected cells.

Conclusions:

cryoET is a transformative technology for structural virology and cell biology.
Its application has significantly advanced our understanding of viral replication cycles.
Future directions involve further integration with other techniques for comprehensive analyses.