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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
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Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

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T cell antigen discovery.

Alok V Joglekar1,2,3, Guideng Li4,5,6

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. joglekar@pitt.edu.

Nature Methods
|July 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding T cell antigen discovery is crucial for disease research. Recent technological advances are improving the identification of T cell antigens, but challenges remain in fully mapping the antigenic landscape.

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Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • T cells utilize T cell receptors (TCRs) to recognize peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, mediating antigen-specific responses.
  • The interaction between TCRs and peptide-MHC complexes is critical for T cell function and disease involvement.
  • Limited antigen discovery approaches have hindered a comprehensive understanding of the T cell response's antigenic landscape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and recent advancements in T cell antigen discovery.
  • To discuss the current state of the field and highlight future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature and technological advancements.
  • Synthesis of information from high-throughput sequencing, mass cytometry, microfluidics, and computational biology.

Main Results:

  • A surge in novel approaches for T cell antigen discovery has emerged.
  • These advancements are beginning to address the limitations in understanding the antigenic landscape.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in T cell antigen discovery methodologies.
  • Outstanding questions and technical hurdles persist, requiring further research and innovation.