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Related Concept Videos

Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

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Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

High-throughput Parallel Sequencing to Measure Fitness of Leptospira interrogans Transposon Insertion Mutants During Golden Syrian Hamster Infection
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High-throughput Parallel Sequencing to Measure Fitness of Leptospira interrogans Transposon Insertion Mutants During Golden Syrian Hamster Infection

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Transposon Sequencing in Leptospira interrogans.

Kristel Lourdault1, James Matsunaga2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. kristel.lourdault@gmail.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces transposon sequencing (Tn-Seq) for Leptospira interrogans. This method rapidly screens gene function mutants, improving understanding of spirochete genotype-phenotype relationships.

Keywords:
FitnessGenomic libraryHigh-throughput sequencingLeptospiraTransposonVirulence factors

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Understanding Leptospira interrogans genotype-phenotype relationships is limited by inefficient genetic manipulation tools.
  • Current methods for screening large mutant libraries are time- and labor-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a more rapid and resource-efficient method for screening Leptospira interrogans mutants.
  • To improve the understanding of gene function, including virulence, in L. interrogans.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied a transposon sequencing (Tn-Seq) technique.
  • Combined random transposon mutagenesis with high-throughput sequencing.
  • Screened large libraries of L. interrogans mutants.

Main Results:

  • Tn-Seq enables faster screening of mutants compared to traditional methods.
  • The technique requires fewer resources for mutant library screening.
  • Facilitates identification of genes involved in specific functions like virulence.

Conclusions:

  • Transposon sequencing (Tn-Seq) is an effective high-throughput method for screening Leptospira interrogans mutants.
  • This technique significantly enhances the study of spirochete genetics and function.
  • Tn-Seq accelerates the discovery of genes critical for pathogen virulence and other traits.