Multimodal theranostics augmented by transmembrane polymer-sealed nano-enzymatic porous MoS₂ nanoflowers

Developing an all-in-one multimodal theranostic platform that can synergistically integrate sensitive photoacoustic (PA) imaging, enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) as well as the nano-enzyme activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) presents a great challenge for the current nanomedicine design. Herein, a simple hydrothermal method was used to prepare porous molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanoflowers. These nanoflowers were assembled by three dimensional (3D)-stacked MoS₂ nanosheets with plentiful pores and large surfaces, which thus exhibited enhanced photothermal conversion via light trapping and peroxidase (POD)-like activity via active defects exposure. Consequently, this 3D-MoS₂ nanostructure could be well-sealed by polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine polymer modified with nucleolar translocation signal sequence of the LIM Kinase 2 protein (LNP) via strong electrostatic interaction, which not only benefited to stably deliver anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) into the tumor cells for pH/NIR-responsive chemotherapy, but also provided strong photoacoustic, photothermal performances and stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for imaging-guided PTT/PDT/CDT combined therapy. This work promised a simple all-in-one multimodal theranostic platform to augment the potential antitumoral therapeutic outcomes.