A Revolutionizing Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Microbiome

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Neuroscience
• Human Health

Background:

• The human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiota, is implicated in various health conditions.
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with emerging links to microbial imbalances.
• Maternal microbiomes (oral, vaginal) are also investigated for their potential role in ASD etiopathology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and integrate current knowledge on the microbiome's significance in relation to ASD.
• To explore the hypothetical etiology of ASD and its comorbidities through a microbiome lens.
• To examine microbiota-based interventions for ASD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing research on human microbiomes and ASD.
• Analysis of studies investigating the gut, oral, and vaginal microbiomes in ASD.
• Evaluation of interventions such as diet, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbial transplant (FMT) for ASD.

Main Results:

• The gut microbiome is extensively studied in relation to ASD.
• Oral and vaginal microbiomes suggest potential maternal influence on ASD.
• Diet and probiotics emerge as promising, feasible interventions with fewer side effects for ASD.

Conclusions:

• A significant relationship exists between the human microbiome and ASD.
• Further research is needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of interventions like diet and probiotics.
• Expanded research efforts are crucial to address knowledge gaps in autism and microbiome science.