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Weed diversity is driven by complex interplay between multi-scale dispersal and local filtering.

Bérenger Bourgeois1,2, Sabrina Gaba2,3,4, Christine Plumejeaud2,5

  • 1Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, 34000 Montpellier, France.

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|July 9, 2020
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Summary

Field margins are crucial refugia for arable weed diversity, supporting both local and regional dispersal. Integrating these habitats into land-sharing strategies enhances agroecosystem sustainability and biodiversity.

Keywords:
agroecosystemsassembly rulesfarmland biodiversitymetacommunitymulti-scale processesplant community dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Agroecology
  • Ecology
  • Botany

Background:

  • Arable weeds are vital for farmland biodiversity and ecosystem services.
  • Global decline in farmland biodiversity necessitates understanding weed diversity drivers.
  • Existing research lacks a unified framework for multi-scale weed dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of field- and landscape-scale factors on arable weed assemblages.
  • To identify the roles of field margins and landscape context in shaping weed diversity.
  • To understand how agricultural management, specifically crop type, influences weed communities.

Main Methods:

  • Studied weed assemblages across 444 arable fields.
  • Compared weed diversity between field cores and field margins.
  • Analyzed the influence of distance to margin and landscape organic field cover.
  • Assessed the impact of crop type on local and landscape dispersal effects.

Main Results:

  • Field margins exhibited higher weed diversity than field cores, acting as biodiversity refugia.
  • Community similarity decreased with distance from margins, indicating limited local dispersal.
  • Increased organic field cover in the landscape correlated with higher margin weed diversity, suggesting regional dispersal.
  • Local and landscape dispersal explained 41% of field core weed diversity, modulated by crop type.

Conclusions:

  • Field margins are critical for sustaining both local and regional weed dispersal.
  • Land-sharing strategies that enhance habitat heterogeneity are key for agroecosystem multifunctionality.
  • Understanding multi-scale drivers is essential for effective farmland biodiversity conservation.