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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Infection with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes pneumonia in Rhesus macaques.

Chao Shan1,2, Yan-Feng Yao3, Xing-Lou Yang3

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Rhesus macaques are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, developing interstitial pneumonia. Neutralizing antibodies from primary infection protected against re-challenge, establishing a valuable model for studying the virus and testing interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak poses a significant global public health challenge.
  • Understanding the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection, replication, and shedding is crucial but poorly understood.
  • A suitable animal model is needed to study pathogenesis and evaluate potential vaccines and therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the susceptibility of Rhesus macaques to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To characterize the viral dynamics, pathological changes, and immune response in infected Rhesus macaques.
  • To establish a non-human primate model for SARS-CoV-2 research.

Main Methods:

  • Intratracheal inoculation of Rhesus macaques with SARS-CoV-2.
  • Monitoring viral RNA levels in oropharyngeal swabs and respiratory tract tissues.
  • Histopathological examination of lung tissues.
  • Re-isolation of infectious virus from swabs and tissues.
  • Assessing protection against secondary SARS-CoV-2 challenge following primary infection.

Main Results:

  • Rhesus macaques were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, with viral RNA peaking at 1 and 5 days post-infection.
  • Infection led to interstitial pneumonia characterized by hyperemia, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration.
  • SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in multiple respiratory tract tissues, and infectious virus was re-isolated.
  • Neutralizing antibodies generated after primary infection conferred protection against a second SARS-CoV-2 challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Rhesus macaques serve as a susceptible model for SARS-CoV-2 infection, mimicking key aspects of human disease.
  • The established non-human primate model is valuable for studying SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
  • This model provides a platform for evaluating the efficacy of candidate vaccines and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.